International Journal of Organizational Leadership

Servant leadership starts with an individual whose main interests are to serve, inspire and lead followers. Thus, the servant leader is an individual who is always pursuing and looking for better ways to achieve shared goals with fellow workers. The current study investigates the influencing mechanism of servant leadership on job satisfaction based on the social identity theory. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to develop a model of perceived insider status that mediates the relationships between servant leadership and employee job satisfaction. Data were collected from matched 90 leaders and 285 followers from the service industry in Taiwan. To avoid common method variance issue, we collected data across three-time points from two different sources. The statistical analyses included descriptive analysis, correlational approach, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-level analyses. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effects of servant leadership on job satisfaction via perceived insider status were found to be significant. This study underscores the importance of encouraging leaders to engage in servant leader behaviors, thereby enhancing followers’ perception as insiders and improving followers' job satisfaction. Since servant leaders focus on employee-oriented tactics, it is essential to train leaders to enhance followers’ intrinsic motivation and shape their perceptions of belongingness and effectiveness. 

Drawing on social cognitive theory, this paper examines the relationships between self-sacrificial leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational engagement. This study proposes that job satisfaction serves as a psychological mechanism reflecting how Self-sacrificial Leadership (SSL) influences organizational engagement. This study defines SSL in terms of a leader’s willingness to prioritize the interests of their employees ahead of their own interests and to bear any costs associated with such behavior. The findings of the empirical data, collected through self-reporting questionnaires taken from a sample of 176 employees working in the banking sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, demonstrate that self-sacrificial leadership does positively impact both job satisfaction and organizational engagement. The results further suggest that the link between self-sacrificial leadership and organizational engagement is mediated by job satisfaction. In light of the positive and significant relationships shown to exist between these constructs, this study has valuable implications for leadership and employee behavioral management within the banking and finance industry. Specifically, the results illustrate how SSL as a leadership approach may outperform traditional leadership styles in several ways. We would further suggest that these findings may also be extrapolated to other industries in order to benefit from the implementation of self-sacrificial leadership to improve organizational outcomes. 

The current research uses the principles of reinforcement theory of motivation and self-determination theory and investigates how motivation and rewards impact on job performance of employees. Motivation and rewards are examined from intrinsic and extrinsic perspectives, while job performance is measured from the task and contextual performance aspects. The mediating effect of job satisfaction has also been investigated between motivation, rewards, and job performance. Using five points Likert scale, the researchers collected data from the managerial and non-managerial staff working in manufacturing and services firms. Non- probability convenience sampling technique was followed to collect 422 empirical responses. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The results indicated that reward and motivation affect employee job performance positively significantly. However, the dimensional analysis indicated an insignificant impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on contextual performance. Besides, the findings substantiate that the relationship between rewards, motivation, and employees’ job performance depends on job satisfaction. The current research provides valuable insights to senior management of manufacturing and services firms on how they can enhance their employees' job satisfaction and performance by following different motivational and reward approaches in different size firms.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of employee’s psychological empowerment, employee’s job satisfaction, and employee’s organizational commitment on organizational innovation. The study is a kind of descriptive- correlational research that was conducted using a survey. Also, this study is in terms of the objective of the development-applied research. The statistical population of the study included all employees in Refah bank of Kerman city, and 244 employees were selected as the sample. The psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational innovation questionnaires were used to collect the data, and descriptive and inferential statistics including structural equation modeling technique were used to analyze the gathered data. The findings confirmed the conceptual model of the study, and also found that employee’s psychological empowerment beyond its direct influence exerts indirect effect on organizational innovation through the mediations of employee’s job satisfaction and organizational commitment and the extent of indirect effect is significantly higher than that of direct one.

Servant leadership (SL) is a theoretical framework that defines a leader’s primary motivation and role as service to others.  It introduces a holistic approach to work, advocates a sense of community, and promotes the sharing of power in decision making by showing humility, authenticity, and stewardship.  Servant leader also develops and empowers employees by standing back, encouraging to be autonomous, and by forgiving mistakes.  On the other hand, the Leader Member Exchange (LMX) Theory explores the one-on-one relationship between a leader and the individual follower independently, instead of focusing on the general relationship between the leader and the group as a whole.  The objective of this study is to test the effect of SL on job satisfaction (JS) in Turkish business context and to identify the mediator effects of LMX on the relationship between SL and JS by quantitative data obtained from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Sector companies in Turkey. The multidimensional leadership measure developed by Van Dierendonck and Nuijten (2011), four-dimension LMX Measure of Liden and Maslyn (1998), and short form of Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) developed by Weiss, Dawis, England, and Lofquist (1967) were used as assessment tools on questionnaire. Research results show that there is a partial mediator effect of LMX on the relationship between SL and JS.

The primary purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of affective commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, job role ambiguity, and job formalization on employees’ job turnover in private and public sector universities of Lahore, Pakistan. A survey based explanatory research design was used. This study was conducted among the employees working in educational sectors such as universities and colleges in Lahore. About 270 questionnaires were distributed by employing various methods of communication such as email in person and post. The findings of this study indicated that job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, and job role ambiguity had significant effects on job turnover of employees while affective commitment and job formalization had adverse effects on the employees. Self-reported measures were used to measure employees’ turnover, affective commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, job role ambiguity, and job formalization. Since all the participants were selected from Lahore’s public and private universities and colleges, the outcomes were not connected to differences of instructional materials or educational foundations. Considering the importance of employees’ turnover, affective commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, job role ambiguity, and job formalization, higher education institutional management and policy makers should take the necessary measures to reduce the extent of turnover which will improve the employees’ individual and organizational performance. The relevant literature shows that employees’ turnover is under investigation especially in public sector universities of Lahore, Pakistan. So, the current study has contributed to enhance the consideration on the most noteworthy problems.

The methods for the management and leadership of educational and research organizations has always been a question of some researchers. With the emergence of the strategic management in educational organizations, different views were raised about the management of these institutions whether it is possible to apply issues related to the business and educational administration field. They both agree on the difference between educational environment and business environment. This difference leads to different research areas which one of them is the managers’ educational leadership style. Regarding to the educational research centers’ management, strategic leadership is one of leadership styles. This paper examined the effect of this leadership style on empowerment and job satisfaction of employees of Guilan University. The statistical population of the study consisted of 235 employees of Guilan University. Smart PLS software and Structural Equation Modeling were used for data analysis. The results showed that the style of strategic leadership and employee empowerment had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction.

This study was designed to measure the effects of job stress on organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job performance. A total of 170 questionnaires were distributed among auditors in the audit institutions in Tehran and Mashhad. To test the hypotheses, path analysis and structural equation and regression were employed. The results showed that the job stress had a negative effect on organizational  commitment and job satisfaction and there was not a negative correlation between job stress and job performance. Job stress via organizational commitment and job satisfaction affected job performance negatively. Also, job stress had a negative impact on job satisfaction via organizational commitment.