International Journal of Organizational Leadership

The paper discusses the importance of Real-Time Data Analysis (RTDA) with innovative fluid business models for the tourism industry. The study uses a conceptual approach to identify innovative fluid tourism business models and their relationships with RTDA based on the problematisation of the crucial need for a holistic, macro understanding of the tourism ecosystem approach rather than framing the issue from a micro point of view. The paper highlights that the current digital era makes it no longer possible for the tourism ecosystem stakeholders to use static models that collect, store, analyse data and make decisions accordingly. Innovative business models should be fluid structural models that use instant data and provide continuous, multiple, and variable decisions with RTDA. The real-time analysis of macro (e.g., countries), meso (e.g., destinations), and micro (e.g., tourists) data obtained from the tourism ecosystem is vital for innovative business models which facilitate the offerings of individualised services and provide increased cooperation between stakeholders using open innovation opportunities in the ecosystem. To date, the tourism industry has not adequately grasped the outcomes and benefits of big data analytics (BDA). While a growing body of literature on big data has focused extensively on technical aspects (e.g., infrastructure, intelligence, and analytical tools), the issue of how and under what conditions BDA can generate value and impacts for various stakeholders involved in the tourism ecosystem remains largely underexplored. Thus, this paper fills this void by being among the first attempts to conceptually explain and propose unique, innovative fluid business models and RTDA in three specific areas in the tourism and hospitality context.

Today, one of the most important and valuable capitals in any organization is knowledge. Rapid changes and high growth of knowledge and information lead any organization to concentrate its effort on knowledge management to improve organizational abilities. Therefore, studying effective factors in the implementation of knowledge management is of great importance from cultural, structural, and technological aspects. This research is applicable in terms of goal and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of 600 official employees of Hormozgan Steel Company which 234 of them were selected as sample through stratified random sampling and Cochran Formula. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The results indicated that the mentioned company suffers from lack of implementation of knowledge management in terms of culture aspect but in terms of two other aspects, i.e. technology and organizational structure, knowledge management establishment is in good condition.

Research and Development (R & D) are indicative of countries advancement and investment in R & D units is considered as a competitive advantage. Nowadays, only countries which attempt to pave the way for rapid scientific advance and economic success through pursuing new technological advances and bridging their knowledge and technology gaps can take part in global competition. The present paper aims at contributing to the extant literature and investigates various R & D success factors and their status in Iran and developed countries including Japan, the U. S., China, and Germany. Then, a contrastive analysis of the countries follows, and ultimately, some suggestions are postulated to develop research status in Iran. In the light of the results, industrial countries in comparison with Iran view investment in R & D as an indispensible principle of economy and have increasingly developed the requisite infrastructures for its growth as well as full bloom of science and technology.

Research and Development (R & D) are indicative of countries advancement and investment in R & D units is considered as a competitive advantage. Nowadays, only countries which attempt to pave the way for rapid scientific advance and economic success through pursuing new technological advances and bridging their knowledge and technology gaps can take part in global competition. The present paper aims at contributing to the extant literature and investigates various R & D success factors and their status in Iran and developed countries including Japan, the U. S., China, and Germany. Then, a contrastive analysis of the countries follows, and ultimately, some suggestions are postulated to develop research status in Iran.
In the light of the results, industrial countries in comparison with Iran view investment in R& D as an indispensable principle of economy and have increasingly developed the requisite infrastructures for its growth as well as full bloom of science and technology.

Frequent changes in competitors status, technology, and customer interests make it unwise and impossible for companies to rely on their products. Customers always seek to find new products. Consequently, companies should continuously produce and offer superior products to meet customer needs, tastes, and expectations. In fact, every company needs a development plan for its new products. Research has demonstrated that one of the major reasons for rapid development of technology in industrial countries is commercialization of research results. The basis of such commercialization is research-industry collaboration in converting research output into innovation. Today, technology commercialization and its outcomes can provide financial resources required for organizational longevity. The main objective of this article is to propose a model for commercializing research findings from idea generation to initial market entry. We believe that this article can, hopefully, contribute to commercialization literature by acting as a guide to local authorities involved in commercialization cycle.