International Journal of Organizational Leadership

This paper aimed at answering the question, how the widely discussed concept of organizational commitment can be clustered. Based on relevant literature on employee commitment, a four-dimensional model of commitment was proposed. The proposed layers included a rational, a behavioral, a normative and an emotional layer, with each of them ranging from the lowest level of commitment – compliance – to the highest level, described as internalization. In order to assess this assumed model, the approach of an empirical study leading up to a confirmatory factor analysis was chosen. Using a wide array of pre-existing questionnaires, a set of items were generated in accordance with the proposed model and tested on a survey of n = 300 participants. Using a R-based confirmatory factor analysis, the proposed factor structure was assessed in terms of its model fit. Analyses however suggest a two-factor model, as only for emotional and behavioral commitment a satisfactory model fit could be shown. An additionally conducted reliability analysis confirmed this result. Therefore, based on the empirical data, a two-factor model of commitment is suggested. It is argued within the discussion of the results, that only the factors emotional and behavioral commitment target actually the relationship between employer and employee, whereas normative commitment depends stronger on the personality and the values of the employee, while rational commitment might be stronger connected to the overall (employment) market situation. Potential recommendations for practitioners are deducted from the findings and possible approaches for future research are presented.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on psychological capital and organizational commitment. In addition, this study investigates the effect of psychological capital on organizational commitment. Furthermore, this study also investigates the mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment under the lens of social exchange theory. Three hundred-fifty survey questionnaires were distributed among employees of the health sector to test the hypotheses of this study. We validated the proposed framework using the mediation technique. The results indicated that transformational leadership is significantly related to organizational commitment and psychological capital. Further, results also revealed that psychological capital is significantly related to organizational commitment. Moreover, the results also showed that psychological capital mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. This study will be significant for the managers and employees in the health sector who need to understand that transformational leaders promote psychological capital, which ultimately enhances organizational commitment. Healthcare management should arrange training programs on transformational leadership styles for managers because transformational leaders gain their subordinates’ trust due to their devotion and contributions. The limitations of this study and future directions are also provided in the discussion section.